The power of a rod is the measure of how much weight it takes to bend a rod.
A light tackle rod takes more weight to bend than an ultra-light rod, so an ultra-light rod will flex more easily than a light one. Light rods are great for small lures, but can also punch up to cast heavier weights if necessary. They're typically used for trout or panfish but are stiff enough to catch bass if you want them to. Light spinning rods are versatile for many styles of fishing, and you have the option of getting a longer rod for even more versatility.
Ultra-light fishing rods are designed with ultra-light power, meaning they are very flexible and bend easily with minimal pressure. This is ideal for detecting subtle bites and fighting smaller fish without overpowering them. Ultra-light rods with the correct power are perfect for targeting species such as panfish, trout, and small bass, where finesse and sensitivity are more important than brute strength. Ultralight rods work best for even smaller lures and lighter lines. That typically means they're best for small fish, but some anglers like to use them for bigger fish too.
Ultralight fishing rods range from 5 - 7 feet. These smaller rods provide better control and accuracy, and are especially useful in tight spaces and when making precision casts. Longer rods (between 6 - 7 feet) allow for longer casting distances and better line control which can be advantageous in open-water applications.